Publications

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dc.contributor.author: Krahnen, Jan

The newsvendor problem denotes the puzzle that a retailer facing an uncertain demand for some product underreacts to profit margins, and hence adjusts the order quantity toward the expected demand. Due to its range of applications in operations management, this problem has drawn much interest in recent years. Various articles have tried to reconcile the newsvendor problem with loss aversion under ad hoc assumptions on the underlying reference point. We, instead, argue that the newsvendor problem is an application of the well-studied compromise effect. As the compromise effect is based on violations of the IIA axiom, we argue that models of context-dependent behavior, such as salience theory, better explain newsvendor-like behavior than loss aversion-based models. We conduct a novel experiment which allows us to clearly distinguish between the role of loss aversion and salience, and find strong support for the latter. Thereby, we also add to the agenda of comparing loss aversion-based models and salience theory.

At times when Ukraine strives to integrate into the European Union, the relevance of research and implementation of the best European practices is especially high, therefore the given article suggests the comparative overview of study programs in Economics and Business Education from the German universities with the intention of using the best practices in the transformation of study programs in Vocational Education and Economics at Ukrainian universities. The research has been conducted on the basis of the study programs of two German and two Ukrainian universities. After the analysis the recommendations of the usage of the German experience in organizing the Bachelor programs in Economics and Business Education have been outlined. They foremost concern such areas of study as Economics and Humanitarian Sciences. Regarding perspectives of the employment of bachelor graduates in Ukraine, it is recommended to strengthen the fundamental knowledge in economics by means of the increase of ECTS points in economics courses. The comparative analysis has showed that German universities pay considerable attention to fundamentalization of economic knowledge. Such an approach is consistent with the principle of polyvalence of the study on Economics and Business Education. It has been possible to implement because the humanitarian courses are included into the elective block, i.e. for student’s choice. Thus, the principles of polyvalence, individualization and humanization of the university study are realized. Finally, taking into account the importance of research work during the study it is highly recommended to increase research and scientific work in the study plans of Ukrainian universities.

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Emotionen beeinflussen im Zusammenspiel mit weiteren Aspekten das Lernen und Lehren, wobei die Interaktion von Person und Umwelt von großer Bedeutung ist. Vor diesem Hintergrund analysiert der Beitrag mittels eines Kohortenvergleichs über fünf Jahre mögliche kurz- und längerfristige Auswirkungen der Implementation des Zentralabiturs auf die Erfolgsunsicherheit im Abitur und die Angst vor Misserfolg von Abiturientinnen und Abiturienten sowie auf den Einfluss unterrichtlicher und schulischer Faktoren auf diese Emotionen - zusätzlich nach Leistungsniveau differenziert. Strukturgleichungsmodelle zeigen längerfristig (2007 - 2011) die Stabilität der Emotionen, eine Abnahme des Effekts des Schulklimas auf die Erfolgsunsicherheit im Abitur sowie differenzielle Wirkungen je nach Leistungsniveau. Die meisten Effekte bleiben jedoch über die Jahre und die Prüfungsform (dezentral-zentral) konstant.

Combining local council election data with fiscal data on grant allocations in a German state, we study partisan favoritism in the allocation of intergovernmental transfers within a quasi-experimental framework. We hypothesize that state governments pursue two distinct goals when allocating grants to local governments: (1) helping aligned local parties win the next election and (2) buying off unaligned municipalities that may obstruct the state government’s policy agenda. We argue furthermore that the relative importance of these two goals depends on local political conditions. In line with this argument, we show empirically that the effect of political alignment on grant receipts varies depending on the degree of local support for the state government. While previous contributions find that aligned local governments always tend to receive larger transfers, our results imply that the political economy of intergovernmental transfers is more intricate.

Dans cet article, nous tentons de comparer les effets potentiels sur l’emploi et la structure des salaires du crédit d’impôt pour la compétitivité et l’emploi (CICE) et sur les d’allégements de cotisation ciblés supplémentaires, similaires dans leur format à ceux en vigueur aujourd’hui. À cette fin, nous construisons un modèle de recherche et d’appariement sur le marché du travail, avec salariés et entreprises hétérogènes, complémentarités productives, et négociations salariales. Les individus peuvent être inactifs, en recherche d’emploi ou salariés. Ils peuvent rechercher un emploi et recevoir des offres lorsqu’ils travaillent déjà. Notre contribution théorique, s’inscrivant dans un agenda de recherche plus large, est d’inclure à la fois un salaire minimum et de la fiscalité sur les salaires dans un modèle de ce type. Le modèle est calibré de différentes manières possibles à l’état stationnaire à partir de statistiques sur l’emploi fournies par l’Insee et de statistiques sur les salaires calculées à partir des déclarations annuelles de données sociales (DADS). Il est ensuite utilisé pour réaliser des simulations contrefactuelles. Ces simulations indiquent que, à coût équivalent, l’effet du CICE sur l’emploi est systématiquement plus limité que l’effet d’allégements de cotisation ciblés. Nous concluons qu’un modèle prenant uniquement en compte le marché du travail mais « aussi riche que possible » ne permet pas d’estimer des effets conséquents du CICE sur l’emploi.

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dc.contributor.author: Heck, Jasmin