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  • Inhaltsauswahl für den Test zur Erfassung ökonomischen Wissens und Könnens im Projekt "Ökonomische Kompetenzen von Maturandinnen und Maturanden (OEKOMA)"

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    dc.contributor.author: Eberle, Franz; Oepke, Maren; Pflüger, Michael; Gruber, Cyrill; Stamm, Pia; Pezzotta, Davide

  • Eisenkopf, Gerald; Lukas, Christian (2010): Ability, individual development and optimal selection decisions Zeitschrift für Betriebswirtschaft. 2010, 80(7-8), pp. 821-839. ISSN 0044-2372. Available under: doi: 10.1007/s11573-010-0380-4

    Ability, individual development and optimal selection decisions

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    The paper analyzes different selection policies in education and business. We show that incorrect self-perceptions combined with imperfect performance measurement may cause significant welfare losses in selective educational systems, in particular if selection starts too early. Of course, these welfare losses can be mitigated by an investment in better ability assessment. However, an affirmative action policy could serve the same purpose as such an investment. We apply our analysis also to diversity management in firms. Based on positive discrimination we establish an efficiency argument for diversity management.

  • Endogenous credit constraints, human capital investment and optimal tax policy

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    This paper employs a two-period life-cycle model to derive the optimal tax policy when educational investments are subject to credit constraints. Credit constraints arise from the limited commitment of debitors to repay loans and are endogenously determined by private banks under the non-default condition that individuals can-not be better off by defaulting. We show that the optimal redistributive taxation trades the welfare gain of reducing borrowing demand and of changing the credit constraints against the efficiency costs of distorting education and labor supply. In addition, we compare the optimal taxation with that when credit constraints are taken as given. If income taxation decreases (increases) the borrowing limit, taking credit constraints as given leads to a too high (low) labor tax rate. Thus, ignoring the effects of tax policy on credit constraints overestimates (underestimates) the welfare effects of income taxation. Numerical examples show that income taxation tightens the credit constraints and the optimal tax rates are lower when credit constrains are endogenized. The intuition is that redistributive taxation reduces the incentive to invest in education and to work, thus exaggerating the moral hazard problems associated with credit constraints.

  • Rezension zu Bernhard Bonz: Methoden der Berufsbildung - ein Lehrbuch

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  • Seifried, Jürgen; Wuttke, Eveline; Türling, Janosch (2010): Professionelles Lehrerhandeln - Schülerfehler erkennen und für Lernprozesse nutzen WARWAS, Julia, ed., Detlef SEMBILL, ed.. Schule zwischen Effizienzkriterien und Sinnfragen. Baltmannsweiler: Schneider Verlag Hohengehren, 2010, pp. 137-156

    Professionelles Lehrerhandeln - Schülerfehler erkennen und für Lernprozesse nutzen

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    dc.contributor.author: Wuttke, Eveline

  • Motivationsförderung durch problemorientierten Unterricht? : Überlegungen zur motivationstheoretischen Passung und Befunde aus dem Projekt APU

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  • The German Act Against Unfair Competition of 2008 in Action : Change and Persistance of German Unfair Competition Law „in Action“

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  • Kaas, Leo; Lu, Jun (2010): Equal-treatment policy in a random search model with taste discrimination Labour Economics. 2010, 17(4), pp. 699-709. ISSN 0927-5371. eISSN 1879-1034. Available under: doi: 10.1016/j.labeco.2010.01.002

    Equal-treatment policy in a random search model with taste discrimination

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    We consider a search model of the labor market with two types of equally productive workers and two types of firms, discriminators and non-discriminators. Without policy intervention, there is wage dispersion between and within the two worker groups, but all wage differences become negligible when the taste for discrimination is small. We analyze the effect of an equal-pay policy, both in combination with affirmative action and without. When equal opportunity of hiring cannot be enforced, wage dispersion increases and wages for minority workers fall substantially relative to laissez faire. Sometimes also the wage gap between worker groups widens in response to the policy.

  • The Impact of Law Enforcement Design on Legal Compliance

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    This paper presents experimental evidence on the way in which the design of law enforcement impacts legal compliance. The experiment includes two law enforcement designs: one in which sanctioning results in victim-compensation and one in which sanctions are rent-seeking devices for the enforcer. We show that in the rent-seeking design (i) potential violators choose non-compliance more often and (ii) the average violator tries to avoid detection less aggressively.

  • Bauernschuster, Stefan; Dürsch, Peter; Oechssler, Jörg; Vadovic, Radovan (2010): Mandatory sick pay Provision : A labor market experiment Journal of Public Economics. 2010, 94(11-12), pp. 870-877. ISSN 0047-2727. Available under: doi: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2010.08.009

    Mandatory sick pay Provision : A labor market experiment

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    The question whether a minimum rate of sick pay should be mandated is much debated. We study the effects of this kind of intervention with student subjects in an experimental laboratory setting rich enough to allow for moral hazard, adverse selection, and crowding out of good intentions. Both wages and replacement rates offered by competing employers are reciprocated by workers. However, replacement rates are only reciprocated as long as no minimum level is mandated. Although we observe adverse selection when workers have different exogenous probabilities for being absent from work, this does not lead to a market breakdown. In our experiment, mandating replacement rates actually leads to a higher voluntary provision of replacement rates by employers.

  • Gender inequality in education : political institutions or culture and religion?

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    We investigate empirically whether political institutions or culture and religion underlie gender inequality in education. The dataset contains up to 157 countries over the 1991-2006 period. The results indicate that political institutions do not significantly influence education of girls: autocratic regimes do not discriminate against girls in denying educational opportunities and democracies do not discriminate by gender when providing educational opportunities. The primary influences on gender inequality in education are culture and religion. Discrimination against girls is especially pronounced in Muslim dominated countries.

  • Nonlinear interest rate reaction functions for the UK

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    We empirically analyze Taylor-type equations for short-term interest rates in the United Kingdom using quarterly data from 1970Q1 to 2006Q2. Starting from strong evidence against a simple linear Taylor rule, we model nonlinearities using logistic smooth transition regression (LSTR) models. The LSTR models with time-varying parameters consistently track actual interest rate movements better than a linear model with constant parameters. Our preferred LSTR model uses lagged interest rates as a transition variable and suggests that in times of recessions the Bank of England puts more weight on the output gap and less so on inflation. A reverse pattern is observed in non-recession periods. Parameters of the model change less frequently after 1992, when an inflation target range was announced. We conclude that for the analysis of historical monetary policy, the LSTR approach is a viable alternative to linear reaction functions.

  • Kaas, Leo; Madden, Paul (2010): Minimum wages and welfare in a Hotelling duopsony Economic Theory. 2010, 43(2), pp. 167-188. Available under: doi: 10.1007/s00199-008-0412-2

    Minimum wages and welfare in a Hotelling duopsony

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    Two firms choose locations (non-wage job characteristics) on the interval [0, 1] prior to announcing wages at which they employ workers who are uniformly distributed; the (constant) marginal revenue products of workers may differ. Subgame perfect equilibria of the two-stage location-wage game are studied under laissez-faire and under a minimum wage regime. Up to a restriction for the existence of pure strategy equilibria, the imposition of a minimum wage is always welfare-improving because of its effect on non-wage job characteristics.

  • Breyer, Friedrich (2010): Gesundheitspolitik Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung. 2010, 79(1), pp. 44-55

    Gesundheitspolitik

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    Federal Health Secretary Rösler deems a reform of the wage-related contribution system in German social health insurance (GKV) his most important project for the next 4 years. Indeed such a reform would greatly enhance competition in the GKV system. However, other topics are equally important for efficiency, quality and sustainability of the German health care system: more freedom of contract for sickness funds, a better design of copayments to control health care demand, better methods for evaluating new pharmaceuticals, more competition in private health insurance, and the procurement of more organ transplants through introducing the presumed consent rule. Finally, Germany needs a broad social debate on the benefit package of social health insurance to secure long-run sustainability of the system.

  • Deißinger, Thomas (2010): Dual System : [Enzyklopädie-Eintrag] PETERSON, Penelope, ed. and others. International Encyclopedia of Education Vol 8. 3. Oxford: Elsevier, 2010, pp. 448-454

    Dual System : [Enzyklopädie-Eintrag]

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  • Der Einfluss instruktionaler Unterstützung durch die Lehrperson auf die Entwicklung der Lernmotivation im problemorientierten und im traditionellen Unterricht

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    In der Studie wird der Einfluss der instruktionalen Unterstützung durch die Lehrperson auf die Entwicklung der intrinsischen Motivation und des Interesses von Lernenden der 10. und 11. Klassenstufe analysiert (N = 371). In der Untersuchung mit Lernenden aus 7 Gymnasien der Deutschschweiz wird zwischen den Effekten im problemorientierten Unterricht und im traditionellen Unterricht unterschieden. In der problemorientierten Lernumgebung war die instruktionale Unterstützung durch die Lehrperson signifikant geringer ausgeprägt als im traditionellen Unterricht. Die Analysen zeigen, dass die instruktionale Unterstützung einen Teil der unterschiedlichen Motivations- und Interessenentwicklung im problemorientierten und im traditionellen Unterricht erklärt. Zudem hat die instruktionale Unterstützung in der problemorientierten Lernumgebung eine größere Wirkung auf die intrinsische Motivation als im traditionellen Unterricht. Dabei wird der Einfluss der Unterstützung auf Motivation und Interesse überwiegend über die wahrgenommene Relevanz der Lerninhalte und die Erfahrung von Selbstbestimmung und Kompetenz vermittelt.

  • Frankreichs Berufsbildung im Spiegel der europäischen Berufsbildungspolitik : eine komparative Analyse unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Anpassungsproblemen und Anpassungsnotwendigkeiten

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    Frankreichs Berufsbildung wird gemeinhin mit den Attributen "schulisch" und "staatlich gesteuert" assoziiert. Interessanterweise hat das Land jedoch seit den 1990er Jahren institutionelle und organisatorische Traditionsvorgaben sowie die Ausgestaltung der einzelnen Bildungs- und Ausbildungswege innerhalb des vollzeitschulisch geprägten, staatlich gelenkten Berufsbildungssystems zunehmend hinterfragt. Die damit einhergehenden Neuorientierungen zielten zum einen auf die Stärkung betrieblicher Formen der Berufsausbildung, erfuhren jedoch mit der Einführung der validation des acquis de l expérience (VAE) eines Verfahrens zur Formalisierung informell erworbener Kompetenzen eine nochmals neue Qualität. Vor allem dieser Reformschritt erscheint auf den ersten Blick "europäischer" als im deutschen Vergleichsfall, da Deutschland zwar aktuell wie Frankreich an einem Qualifikationsrahmen (DQR) arbeitet, sich aber offenbar schwer tut mit dem Paradigma der "Kompetenzorientierung" in der im Europäischen Qualifikationsrahmen (EQR) zum Ausdruck kommenden Form, die durch Lernwegoffenheit, institutionelle Variabilität und durch die Öffnung von "Subsystemgrenzen" gekennzeichnet ist. Der Beitrag zeichnet vor dem Hintergrund der spezifisch französischen Berufsbildungstradition diese Entwicklungen nach und weitet im Anschluss daran die auslandspädagogisch ausgerichtete Analyse zu einem bildungspolitisch orientierten Vergleich mit den deutschen Verhältnissen.

  • Geng, Hong; Weiss, Arne Robert; Wolff, Irenaeus (2010): The limited power of voting to limit power

    The limited power of voting to limit power

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    In this paper, we experimentally approach the question of which aspects of a voting procedure are able to restrict elected candidates' willingness to use their power in an opportunistic way. For this purpose, we rule out reelection concerns and analyse whether the presence of a vote by itself matters for the exercise of power. We compare two kinds of electoral campaigns: self-descriptions of personality and promises regarding prospective in-office behaviour. We find that social approval as conveyed by a vote does not suffice to induce pro-social choices by elected candidates. On the other hand, when campaigns are promise-based, elected candidates transfer more to their recipients than candidates selected by a random draw even though promises do not differ. This refutes explanations based on a taste for consistency or costs of lying. In contrast, the fact that the correlation between dictators' promises and their beliefs on voter expectations is considerably strengthened in the presence of a vote offers support to a guilt-aversion hypothesis. However, this support is qualified by the correlation between dictators' second-order beliefs and their choices, which is weaker than predicted. Overall, our results suggest the power of voting to limit the self-oriented exertion of power is limited and context-specific.

  • Deißinger, Thomas (2010): Berufliche Vollzeitschulen im Spannungsfeld zwischen Berechtigungsvergabe und Qualifizierungsauftrag : zur Anatomie eines berufspädagogischen und berufsbildungspolitischen Problems WARWAS, Julia, ed. and others. Schule zwischen Effizienzkriterien und Sinnfragen. Baltmannsweiler: Schneider Verlag Hohengehren, 2010, pp. 229-244. ISBN 978-3-8340-0787-2

    Berufliche Vollzeitschulen im Spannungsfeld zwischen Berechtigungsvergabe und Qualifizierungsauftrag : zur Anatomie eines berufspädagogischen und berufsbildungspolitischen Problems

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  • Working Effort and Endogenous Job Separations in Search Equilibrium

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    This paper considers job separations in a search model with labour market matching and moral hazard. Both workers and firms value productive matches and take actions to increase match stability: firms offer a share of match surplus to provide workers with correct incentives and workers take hidden actions (effort) negatively affecting the match separation rate. Heterogeneous productivity draws combined with the moral hazard problem give rise to match-specific endogenous separation rates. Additionally a counteraction of two effects - match stability and match scarcity - explains an observed asymmetric shape of a wage probability density function with a unique interior mode on the support.

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